ESCI 122: Earth History

Citrus College Course Outline of Record

Citrus College Course Outline of Record
Heading Value
Effective Term: Fall 2026
Credits: 3
Total Contact Hours: 54
Lecture Hours : 54
Lab Hours: 0
Hours Arranged: 0
Outside of Class Hours: 108
Total Student Learning Hours: 162
District General Education: B2. Physical Science
Transferable to CSU: Yes
Transferable to UC: Yes - Approved
Grading Method: Standard Letter

Catalog Course Description

This course examines Earth’s history across the geologic timescale, exploring the progression of life through fossils, the processes that built mountains and shaped continents, and the changing landscapes recorded in rocks. Dinosaurs, mass extinctions, and palaeontologic stages are included as key chapters in Earth’s history. 54 lecture hours.

Course Objectives

  • Explain geologic time using both relative dating principles and absolute (radiometric) methods, and apply these tools to reconstruct Earth’s history.
  • Interpret stratigraphic sequences using principles of superposition, correlation, facies analysis, and depositional environments.
  • Describe fossilization processes and apply classification, biostratigraphy, and evolutionary principles to interpret the fossil record.
  • Analyze the significance of major evolutionary and extinction events in shaping Earth’s biotic history.
  • Evaluate Earth’s geologic evolution through plate tectonics, including crustal deformation, mountain building, and supercontinent cycles.
  • Summarize the major geologic and biologic events of the Archean and Proterozoic eons.
  • Summarize the major geologic and biologic events of the Paleozoic Era, including tectonics, biodiversity changes, and mass extinctions.
  • Summarize the major geologic and biologic events of the Mesozoic Era, including the rise and extinction of dinosaurs and continental breakup.
  • Summarize the major geologic and biologic events of the Cenozoic Era, including climate change, mammalian evolution, and modern tectonics.
  • Synthesize paleogeographic maps and data to reconstruct Earth’s surface environments and biological communities through time.

Major Course Content

  1. Introduction to Earth System History: understanding historical geology and methods of reconstruction
  2. Geologic Time and Dating Methods: relative dating, stratigraphic correlation, radiometric and absolute dating techniques
  3. Earth Materials: minerals, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks; rock cycle and interpretation of past environments
  4. Fossils and Evolution: fossilization processes, classification, biostratigraphy, ecology, evolution, and extinction
  5. Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Environments: principles of stratigraphy, facies analysis, uniformitarianism vs. catastrophism, depositional systems
  6. Plate Tectonics and Earth’s Evolution: Earth’s origin and structure, plate boundaries, driving mechanisms, hotspots, crustal deformation, orogenesis, and supercontinent cycles
  7. Paleogeography and Major Events in Earth History: Archean and Proterozoic tectonics and life; Paleozoic tectonics, biodiversity, and mass extinctions; Mesozoic tectonics, dinosaurs, and continental breakup; Cenozoic climate change, mammalian evolution, and modern tectonics; recent geologic and tectonic events

Suggested Reading Other Than Required Textbook

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) resources and fact sheets

National Park Service (NPS) geology site guides

Peer-reviewed journal articles (Geology, Journal of Paleontology)

Examples of Required Writing Assignments

Extinction Event Paper: Critically analyze the causes and effects of one of Earth’s major mass extinctions using fossil evidence, published research, and geologic data.

Stratigraphic Column Report: Construct a simplified stratigraphic column (from a provided dataset or virtual outcrop) and write an explanation of the depositional environments and fossil content.

Geologic Time Essay: Reflect on the enormity of geologic time and compare it to the scale of human history, using specific examples from the fossil record.

Case Study Analysis: Write a scientific summary of a famous geologic event (the Chicxulub impact, the rise of the Himalayas, or the Great Oxidation Event), citing professional journals and reputable sources.

Examples of Outside Assignments

Field Trip: Explore a geologic field site and answer guided questions about depositional environments and geologic time.

Plate Motion Tracking: Use online plate reconstruction software to model continental breakup or collision and report on the tectonic history of a chosen region.

Instruction Type(s)

Lecture, Online Education Lecture

IGETC Area 5: Physical and Biological Sciences

5A. Physical Science